Reactor Technologies for Propane Partial Oxidation to Acrylic Acid
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The two step process to produce acrylic acid from propylene is the predominant technology practiced commercially. The economics of this process are compared with the direct oxidation of propane to acrylic acid in a fixed bed, turbulent fluidized bed (TFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Economies of scale are difficult to realize in fixed beds due to the limited heat transfer surface, and therefore, several reactors are required in parallel. A single reactor train is possible due to the excellent heat transfer characteristics of the TFB and CFB. The economics of the TFB are superior to either the CFB or multi‐tubular fixed beds. However, both investment and operating costs are sensitive to selectivity. A CFB could become the reactor of choice if lattice oxygen can be shown to improve selectivity and conversion. In order for propane to replace propylene as the preferred feedstock, selectivity must be at least 65 %, which has yet to be demonstrated in practice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it