<b>Spontaneous spoken language:</b> Syntax and discourse. By Jim Miller and Regina Weinert, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. 457.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reviewed by: Einführung in die allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft by August Dauses Jennifer Dailey-O’Cain Einführung in die allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft. By August Dauses. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1997. Pp. 123. With this book, August Dauses has provided the field with the first short introduction to linguistic typology written in German. The intended audience, presumably either undergraduate students in the field or linguists wishing to inform themselves about the basics of typology, will benefit from its clear and precise language and compact length. The first chapter consists of a short (eighteen-page) description of nine languages, including both Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages. The descriptions are by no means complete, given their length, but they do touch on phonological, morphological, and syntactic characteristics. This information is used to illustrate the point that the grammatical categories students may have learned for German or foreign languages they have already studied are not generalizable to all languages. The remaining six chapters discuss primarily the Indo-European languages in light of the types of characteristics and categories outlined for the languages presented in Ch. 1. Comparisons are consistently made with non-Indo-European languages in order to avoid circular argumentation. Ch. 2 gives an overview of typology, Chs. 3–5 discuss general principles of the field, and Chs. 6 and 7 discuss how these principles are realized diachronically. Several disagreements within the field are also presented and discussed neutrally (though occasionally simplistically) throughout. The main weakness of this book for classroom use is a complete lack of citation (it does not even contain a list of references). Without references to other works, the ideas presented here appear to be coming solely from D when it is clear to readers with a broader knowledge base about typology that he is drawing on a huge body of work done by many scholars for many decades. Though the choice to do this was likely made with the intention of making the text easier for the student to read, this problem might have been better solved by having a list of additional readings on each topic at the end of the book, aimed at the advanced student who might be ready for a more scholarly discussion of the issues presented here. Typologists will find no new material here as this book is clearly aimed at an audience new to the field. Instructors of introductory courses in basic linguistics and typology in the German-speaking countries will, however, find this to be a welcome addition to their coursebooks. Jennifer Dailey-O’Cain University of Alberta Copyright © 2001 Linguistic Society of America
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".