The biology of Canadian weeds. 135. <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Thunb.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) is a twining semi-evergreen vine native to Japan, Korea and eastern China. Over the past 150 yr it has been introduced as an ornamental and become established in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. It was first discovered in Canada in 1976 in southwestern Ontario woodlands and has since been found growing without cultivation in 15 localities. While L. japonica does not occur very frequently in southern Ontario, climate change models suggest that it may become more abundant in this region. Its predominance elsewhere derives from morphological and physiological characteristics that allow it to be particularly successful in the edge habitats of fragmented landscapes. Through extensive vegetative propagation and competitive ability it occupies space which may otherwise host a diverse native flora. The plant has many uses in Asian medicine and is a popular ornamental, but has been prohibited in some regions due to its displacement of other species. A combination of cutting and foliar application of glyphosate has proven to be an effective control method in some circumstances. Planting of L. japonica should be discouraged and horticulturalists should consider alternative attractive vines. The spread of L. japonica should be monitored in Ontario and control of newly established populations should be considered to avoid costly large scale control in the future. Key words: Invasive species, Lonicera japonica, weed biology, climate change
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".