Photolysis of aqueous free chlorine species (HOCl and OCl<sup></sup>) with 254 nm ultraviolet light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The quantum yields of the UV photolysis of free chlorine (OCl – and HOCl) at 254 nm were measured in a series of batch reactor experiments from pH 5 to 10 and at various concentrations. When the concentration of free chlorine is low (3.5 mg Cl/L) to moderate (70 mg Cl/L), the quantum yields of HOCl and OCl – are 1.0 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.1, respectively. When the concentration increases to higher levels (>70 mg Cl/L), the quantum yield of HOCl photolysis increases significantly, whereas the quantum yield of OCl – photolysis is essentially independent of concentration. In addition, based on the experimental results obtained in this research, a mathematic model was developed that can be used for the prediction of the quantum yield for the UV photolysis of free chlorine at 254 nm. The quantum yields predicted by this model agree very well with the measured data. Also, the dependence of free chlorine decomposition on the fluence (UV dose) and the effect of water quality on the quantum yield of free chlorine species were investigated in this research. Key words: ultraviolet irradiation, free chlorine, fluence, UV dose, quantum yield, disinfection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".