Gendered structural barriers to job attainment for skilled Chinese emigrants in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Our study examines the career achievements of 50 professional couples that immigrated from China to Canada. We compare their job attainment when they left China with that years after immigration. We apply concepts of human capital and institutional theory to understand why the job status of the majority drops after immigrating. Human capital concepts account for most career advancement in China. Human capital theory falls short in explaining the structural barriers to achievement that affect those in the controlled professions, and especially women, in Canada. The institutional framework views immigrants' unemployment and a drop in job levels and wages as a status change. Structural concepts handle job deterioration, and in particular women's loss of status, in terms of social recognition of career paths. Structural concepts explain why immigrants' past career paths are poorly understood or are blocked in a new context. We conclude that institutional theory is more widely applicable than human capital theory for understanding the loss of job status for our sample of skilled immigrants from China. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it