Critical overview of blast resistance of different concrete types
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Past attacks against buildings and civil infrastructure highlight the need for blast-resistant structural materials. Numerous studies have been conducted on various related techniques and some design guidance has been developed to increase the resistance of structures to blast loading. Generally, a blast results in a high-amplitude impulse loading typically with a very short duration. Hence, the material's response to such loading will differ from its response to regular types of loading. Consequently, the analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loads require a full understanding of the behaviour of materials and structural elements under blast loading. This paper presents an overview of the behaviour of concrete elements subjected to blast loads. A critical discussion of the state of the art on blast resistance of conventional and modern concrete materials is provided, along with an overview of effective retrofitting and strengthening techniques.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it