Lateral stress changes and shaft friction for model displacement piles in sand
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes a series of tests performed in a drum centrifuge on instrumented model displacement piles in normally consolidated sand. These tests examined the influence of the pile installation method, the stress level, and the pile aspect ratio on the increase in lateral effective stress on the pile shaft during static load testing to failure. A parallel series of constant normal load and constant normal stiffness (CNS) laboratory interface shear experiments was performed to assist interpretation of the centrifuge tests. It is shown that although the cycling associated with pile installation results in a progressive reduction in the stationary horizontal effective stress acting on a pile shaft and densification of the sand in a shear band close to the pile shaft, this sand dilates strongly during subsequent shearing to failure in a static load test. The dilation (the amount of which depends on the cyclic history) is constrained by the surrounding soil and therefore leads to large increases in lateral effective stresses and hence to large increases in mobilized shaft friction. The increase in lateral stress is shown to be related to the radial stiffness of the soil mass constraining dilation of the shear band and to be consistent with measurements made in appropriate CNS interface shear tests. The paper's findings assist in the extrapolation of model-scale pile test results to full-scale conditions.Key words: sand, displacement pile, centrifuge tests, shaft friction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it