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Record W2047698298 · doi:10.17266/34.1.7

Portland West Time Dollar Exchange Dataset

2014· article· en· W2047698298 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueConnections · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocial Capital and Networks
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLiberian dollarUs dollarGeographyEconomicsExchange rateFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The Portland West Time Dollar Exchange (PWTDE) dataset contains the recorded transactions from a local currency group that existed in Portland, Maine for over four years. Such voluntary organizations allow participants to exchange services and goods without the use of federal money (see Collom, Lasker, and Kyriacou 2012). Unlike bartering (a direct swap between two parties), local currencies create a network of people and organizations in which transactions are tracked with an alternative currency. Time banks use time as their currency. The amount of time that a member spends helping another is entered in a database so that the provider is credited with “time dollars” (or “hours”) and the recipient’s account is debited. The other major form of local currency in the United States, the Ithaca Hours model, employs printed bills that members exchange for services or goods (see Collom 2005). The PWTDE began in February, 2002 and was embedded in Portland West, a community-based social service agency. The organization ran out of grant funds to support its community outreach programs and was forced to close the time bank in June 2006 (Doherty 2006). At that time, all PWTDE members were invited to join Portland’s larger and better-known time bank, the Hour Exchange Portland (see Collom et al. 2012). The data consist of the 2,316 recorded transactions involving 6,712 hours of services exchanged among the 319 members at PWTDE over the course of its history. A multitude of social network analyses are possible with this dataset. It is longitudinal, directed, and valued. The date of each transaction is included, making it possible to investigate the evolution of the network across time (see analyses by quarter in Collom 2012). The ties are directed; one member has provided a service to another. The amount of time that the exchange took (the number of time dollars earned) is the value of the tie. Moreover, investigations of qualitative aspects of the ties are also possible as the services exchanged in the transactions have been categorized into 13 broad types (see Collom 2012; Collom et al. 2012): 1) Health and Wellness (e.g., yoga, acupuncture, meditation), 2) Beauty and Spa (haircut, massage, facial), 3) Office and Administrative Support (clerical help, bulk mailing), 4) Computers and Technology (computer repair, website design, audio/ video production), 5) Tutoring, Consultation and Personal Services (lessons, tutoring, basic computer assistance, childcare), 6) Construction, Installation, Maintenance and Repair (carpentry, painting, yard/ garden maintenance), 7) Cleaning, Light Tasks and Errands (cleaning, mending and alterations, errands), 8) Food Preparation and Service (cooking, catering), 9) Transportation and Moving (transportation, moving assistance, hauling), 10) Entertainment and Social Contact (companionship, performances, telephone assurance), 11) Events and Program Support (assistance with project/event, committee meetings), 12) Sales and Rentals of Items (purchase of used goods, space rental), and 13) Arts and Crafts Production (arts and crafts, artwork).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.763
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.287
Teacher spread0.267 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it