Electricity Consumption, Technological Innovation, Economic Growth and Energy Prices: Does Energy Export Dependency and Development Levels Matter?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Empirical evidences appear to substantiate the hypothesis that electricity consumption is casually linked to economic growth in both the short and the long run. Nevertheless, incorporating new variables on examining the traditional electricity-growth nexus is relatively underdeveloped. This study uses annual data from 1974 to 2011 to examine the long-term and short-term relationship among electricity consumption, economic growth, energy prices and technological innovation for Canada, Ecuador, Norway and South Africa. These countries were selected on the basis of energy export dependency and development level. Based on the results derived from the methodology of ARDL and VECM, they suggest that developing economies should not simply reduce their consumption on fossil fuel powered electricity. Although technological innovation does not significantly influence the long-term variation in fossil fuel powered electricity, it is bilaterally tied with economic growth for all countries. This result indicates the applicability of the endogenous growth theory on the electricity-growth nexus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".