High-power diode-pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser with the anvil-cell configuration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The key point to scale the output power of diode-pumped solid-sate (DPSS) laser is to solve the thermally induced problems such as fracture of the material by thermal stress, degradation of the beam quality and efficiency by thermally induced birefringence and aberration of the thermal lens, etc. For end-pumped solid state lasers, the gain medium can be constructed in a format of a thin disk or a composite rod to scale the output power. This concept has been successfully used to scale DPSS laser output powers by 1~2 order, depending on the laser material and the beam quality of the output. In a thin disk laser, pump induced heat flows predominantly along the thickness of the laser disk and the thermal lens is eliminated to first order. However, a conventional thin disk laser requires a complex and expensive multipass pump setup to maximize pump absorption for the thinnest crystal possible to minimize the residual thermal lens. Alternatively, using a composite rod in a conventional end-pumped DPSS laser elevates the maximum allowable pump power by ~50%, since the interface between the doped and undoped region of the gain medium provides a heat buffering effect and the maximum thermal stress is reduced. Our anvil-cell disk laser, which clamps the gain medium between the heat sink and a sapphire window, combines the benefits of both the thin-disk laser and lasers using composite rods but with the ability to further optimize material properties. In addition, the portion of thermal lens due to bulge of the gain medium can be compensated by pressure tuning. The complexity and cost on pump setup can be greatly reduced with this relatively simple design. In this work we demonstrated a reliable high power Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> laser which delivered 26.2 W of laser output at M<sup>2</sup>=3. Results of intracavity frequency doubling with this laser are also reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".