Gender Differences in the Polysomnographic Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- Science and technology studies
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: ObservationalConsensus signal: none
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.596
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.999
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.299 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
We examined the influence of gender on the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a retrospective study of 830 patients with OSA diagnosed by overnight polysomnography (PSG). The severity of OSA was determined from the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI) for total sleep time (AHI(TST)), and was classified as mild (5 to 25 events/h), moderate (26 to 50 events/h), and severe (> 50/events/h). Differences in OSA during different stages of sleep were assessed by comparing the AHI during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (AHI(NREM)) and rapid eye movement (REM) (AHI(REM)) sleep and calculating the "REM difference" (AHI(REM) - AHI(NREM)). Additionally, each overnight polysomnographic study was classified as showing one of three mutually exclusive types of OSA: (1) mild OSA, which occurred predominantly during REM sleep (REM OSA); (2) OSA of any severity, which occurred predominantly in the supine position (S OSA); or (3) OSA without a predominance in a single sleep stage or body position (A OSA). The mean AHI(TST) for men was significantly higher than that for women (31.8 +/- 1.0 versus 20.2 +/- 1.5 events/h, p < 0. 001). The male-to-female ratio was 3.2:1 for all OSA patients, and increased from 2.2:1 for patients with mild OSA to 7.9:1 for those with severe OSA. Women had a lower AHI(NREM) than did men (14.6 +/- 1.6 versus 29.6 +/- 1.1 events/h, p < 0.001), but had a similar AHI(REM) (42.7 +/- 1.6 versus 39.9 +/- 1.2 events/h). Women had a significantly higher REM difference than did men (28.1 +/- 1.5 versus 10.3 +/- 1.1 events/h, p < 0.01). REM OSA occurred in 62% of women and 24% of men with OSA. S OSA occurred almost exclusively in men. We conclude that: (1) OSA is less severe in women because of milder OSA during NREM sleep; (2) women have a greater clustering of respiratory events during REM sleep than do men; (3) REM OSA is disproportionately more common in women than in men; and (4) S OSA is disproportionately more common in men than in women. These findings may reflect differences between the sexes in upper airway function during sleep in patients with OSA.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Topic
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of TorontoSt. Michael's Hospital
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- Non-rapid eye movement sleepMedicinePolysomnographySupine positionObstructive sleep apneaApneaAnesthesiaSleep StagesSleep (system call)Sleep apneaRapid eye movement sleepInternal medicineCardiologyEye movementOphthalmology
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes