In vivo sodium magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain using soft inversion recovery fluid attenuation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sodium imaging with soft inversion recovery fluid attenuation, which may be advantageous for intracellular weighting, was demonstrated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppression in five healthy volunteers at 4.7 T. Long rectangular inversion pulses reduce the average power deposition in an inversion recovery sequence, allowing repetition time to be shortened and more averages acquired for a given scan length. Longer pulses also significantly reduce the "depth" of Mz inversion in environments with rapid T1 and T2 relaxation (i.e., brain relative to CSF). Phantom experiments and simulation show a marked SNR increase when using a 10-ms, rather than a 1-ms, rectangular inversion pulse. Images were acquired in 11.1 min with a voxel size of 0.25 cm3 and the SNR in CSF, which is typically approximately 3 times larger than in brain, was reduced to 23% of that in the brain tissue, which had an average SNR of 17.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".