Small virtual channel routers on FPGAs through block RAM sharing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
As larger System-on-Chip (SoC) designs are attempted on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), the need for a low cost and high performance Network-on-Chip (NoC) grows. Virtual Channel (VC) routers provide desirable traits for an NoC such as higher throughput and deadlock prevention but at significant resource cost when implemented on an FPGA. This paper presents an FPGA specific optimization to reduce resource utilization. We propose sharing Block RAMs between multiple router ports to store the high logic resource consuming virtual channel buffers and present BRS (Block RAM Split), a router architecture that implements the proposed optimization. We evaluate the performance of the modifications using synthetic traffic patterns on mesh and torus networks and synthesize the NoCs to determine overall resource usage and maximum clock frequency. We find that the additional logic to support sharing Block RAMs has little impact on Adaptive Logic Module (ALM) usage in designs that currently use Block RAMs while at the same time decreasing Block RAM usage by as much as 40%. In comparison to designs that do not use Block RAMs, a 71% reduction in ALM usage is shown to be possible. This resource reduction comes at the cost of a 15% reduction in the saturation throughput for uniform random traffic and a 50% decrease in the worst case neighbour traffic pattern on a mesh network. The throughput penalty from the neighbour traffic pattern can be reduced to 3% if a torus network is used. In all cases, there is little change in network latency at low load. BRS is capable of running at 161.71 MHz which is a decrease of only 4% from the base virtual channel router design.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it