Sound wave propagation in multiwall carbon nanotubes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article studies transverse sound wave propagation in individual multiwall carbon nanotubes. The present model predicts that there exist (N-1) critical frequencies (within terahertz range) for an N-wall carbon nanotube. When the frequency is below all critical frequencies, vibrational mode is almost coaxial and the associated sound speed can be predicted satisfactorily by the existing single-elastic beam model. However, when the frequency is higher than at least one of the critical frequencies, non-coaxial vibrational modes emerge which propagate at various speeds significantly higher or lower than the speed predicted by the single-elastic beam model. Hence, terahertz sound waves in multiwall carbon nanotubes exhibit complex phenomena and are essentially noncoaxial. In particular, terahertz sound waves in multiwall carbon nanotubes propagate at various speeds, depending not only on the frequency but also on the noncoaxial vibrational modes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it