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Record W2056003895 · doi:10.1198/0003130032431

Detecting Dependence With Kendall Plots

2003· article· en· W2056003895 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe American Statistician · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicAdvanced Statistical Methods and Models
Canadian institutionsNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPlot (graphics)Copula (linguistics)MathematicsBivariate analysisCurvatureStatisticsScatter plotMarginal distributionMultivariate normal distributionMultivariate statisticsEconometricsRandom variableGeometry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

AbstractEarlier literature proposed a rank-based graphical tool called a chi-plot which, in conjunction with a traditional scatterplot of the raw data, can help detect the presence of association in a random sample from some continuous bivariate distribution. This article suggests an alternative display called a Kendall plot, or K-plot for short, which adapts the concept of probability plot to the detection of dependence. The new procedure, which is rooted in the probability integral transformation, retains the chi-plot's key property of invariance with respect to monotone transformations of the marginal distributions. K-plots are easier to interpret than chi-plots, however, because the curvature that they display in cases of association is related in a definite way to the copula characterizing the underlying dependence structure. In addition, K-plots have the advantage of being readily extendible to the multivariate context.KEY WORDS : Chi-plotCopulaKendall's tauNonparametric associationProbability integral transformationRankitsSpearman's rho

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.417
Threshold uncertainty score0.477

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.090
GPT teacher head0.410
Teacher spread0.320 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it