The positive muon and μSR spectroscopy: powerful tools for investigating the structure and dynamics of free radicals and spin probes in complex systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The positive muon (μ+) can be incorporated into free radicals where it acts as a probe of the structure and dynamics. The muoniated radicals are characterized by a series of magnetic resonance techniques known as μSR for muon spin rotation, resonance and relaxation spectroscopy. In this review it is shown how μSR can be used to obtain information about the structure, dynamics, and local environments of transient radicals in solids like zeolites, in solution or even in exotic solvents like supercritical water. It will also be demonstrated that muoniated radicals can be used as probes in complex systems, such as rod-like and discotic liquid crystals, bilayers and polymers, where they have advantages over traditional spin labelling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it