Large international differences in (adeno)tonsillectomy rates
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article compares recent paediatric and adolescent (adeno)tonsillectomy (T +/- Ads) rates in several countries of the European Union, the US, Canada and Australia. Trends in paediatric and adolescent surgical rates in the Netherlands and UK from 1974 to 1998 are studied as well. In 1998, the paediatric T +/- Ads rate varied from 19 per 10000 children in Canada to 118 per 10000 in Northern Ireland, while the adolescent rate varied from 19 per 10000 adolescents in Canada to 76 per 10000 in Finland. In the Netherlands, the paediatric T +/- Ads rate decreased rapidly between 1974 and 1985 and remained similar since. Ten years later, between 1985 and 1998, the adolescent T +/- Ads rate increased. In the UK, on the other hand, an increase in T +/- Ads was observed both in children and in adolescents. This study shows that paediatric and adolescent T +/- Ads rates still vary considerably between countries. There is no definitive evidence that decreasing rates of T +/- Ads in childhood are associated with tonsil-related disease, necessitating surgery, in later life.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it