Metal injection molding: 3D modeling of nonisothermal filling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A three‐dimensional transient finite element flow analysis code that includes inertia and free surface modeling is used to predict uniform (axisymmetric) and nonuniform (nonaxisymmetric) filling patterns in a thick‐walled tool with a diaphragm gate. The simulation for a metal injection molding compound, which is strongly influenced by thermal effects, predicted several observed flow patterns: initial annular free surface flow (jetting), bypass and folding flow to form surface defects, and the transition from uniform (axisymmetric) flow to nonuniform (nonaxisymmetric flow) with increasing fill time and lower temperatures. Simulations of filling through a thicker diaphragm gate showed jetting and the associated problems were eliminated. Simulations also demonstrate the effects of filling time, mold temperature, inertia, yield stress, and wall slip on filling patterns, particularly the processing conditions that separate regions of uniform and nonuniform flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".