Finite element analysis of a femoral retrograde intramedullary nail subject to gait loading
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intramedullary nails are routinely used in the treatment of fractures of the femur. While their effectiveness has been demonstrated clinically, a number of complications, including bone refracture and implant failure, persist. This paper presents novel three-dimensional finite element (FE) models, at four stages of gait, of: (i) a realistic femur analogue known as third generation composite bone, and (ii) a system consisting of an intramedullary nail implanted in the femur of (i). A comparison of experimentally measured strains on the surface of the femur with those predicted by the FE model revealed good agreement. The models were then used to identify implant/bone load sharing patterns, and areas of stress concentration in both the intramedullary nail and the bone, when statically locked by one or two screws at either end. The results of this study can be used to guide future implant design and surgical procedure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it