Gender differences in association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and personality traits
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since Lesch and colleagues reported an association between anxiety-related traits (Neuroticism) and a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region (5-HTTLPR), there have been several reports on 5-HTTLPR and personality traits with both positive and negative results. The present study was a further attempt to replicate the original findings of Lesch et al. in a population of well-defined normal healthy subjects. In addition, a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the second intron was included in this study because it has recently been shown to act as a transcriptional regulator. Personality traits were evaluated in 186 unrelated normal subjects by the NEO Five Factor Inventory. The most important and novel finding of this study was a significant association of mean Neuroticism scores with the short allele of 5-HTTLPR in male subjects (t = 2.4, P = 0.018). We were thus able to replicate the finding of Lesch et al. of an association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and Neuroticism, but only in a male population. We also found a significant effect of gender on mean scores of Neuroticism [F = 3.9, degrees of freedom (df) = 1, 180, P = 0.05] and Agreeableness (F = 6.8, df = 1, 180, P = 0.01), but no significant effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype on Neuroticism (F = 0.87, df= 2, 180, P = 0.42) or Agreeableness (F = 0.35, df = 2, 180, P = 0.7). These findings suggest that gender differences exist in contribution of genetic factors to behavioural phenotypes. They may also explain the inconsistencies in previous reports on association of Neuroticism with 5-HTTLPR from studies using different proportions of male and female subjects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it