Ochratoxin A from a toxicological perspective
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread mycotoxin which is produced mainly by the mould fungi Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillum verrucosum during the storage of cereals, cereal products and other plant-derived products such as herbs, spices, grapes, etc. By carry over from mouldy fodder, ochratoxin A is also found in pork meat, offal and sausages containing pork blood. When ingested as a food contaminant, OTA is very persistent in human beings with a blood half-life of 35 days after a single oral dosage due to unfavourable elimination toxicokinetics. This renders the toxin among the most frequent mycotoxin contaminants in human blood in the EU, the US, Canada, and elsewhere, where it has been investigated. OTA is neither stored nor deposited in the body, but heterogeneous body distribution may impose serious damage to the kidneys. The toxin was classified a 2B cancer compound, being possibly carcinogenic for humans. It was among the strongest carcinogenic compounds in rats and mice. As the toxicological profile also includes teratogenesis, nephrotoxicity, and immunotoxicity, legislation authorities are currently discussing maximal residue levels (MRL) for OTA in various foodstuffs. In the present article arguments are presented which suggest an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 1.5 ng OTA/kg body weight and a much lower MRL than 5 microgram OTA/kg cereals and cereal products as has been postulated by the EU commission.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it