Porous ceramics as backing element for high-temperature transducers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new application of porous ceramics as the attenuative backing element in high-temperature transducers is introduced. By introducing pores of different volume fractions and various sizes into the ceramic matrix, acoustic impedance and attenuation can be controlled to match their optimal values as predicted by a simple numerical model of the entire transducer, coupled with a model of the attenuative effect of the pores. This concept was applied to the design and manufacture of porous 3mol% Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) backing elements for a 2.8-MHz lithium niobate (LiNbO3) piezoelectric crystal, with a targeted operating temperature of 700°C to 800°C. Acoustic measurements revealed that the actual acoustic impedance and attenuation of the porous samples matched well with their predicted values. The design and fabrication process can be employed in manufacturing backing elements for a variety of transducers with specified center frequency and signal bandwidth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".