Another Way to Think About the Critical Oxide Volume Fraction for the Internal-to-External Oxidation Transition?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simple concepts derived from percolation theory are used to interpret the transition from internal-to-external selective oxidation in alloys. The analysis is most appropriate for relatively low temperatures, where lattice diffusion of the solute (more reactive element) cannot assist in the formation of an external oxide over any reasonable time scale. It is suggested that over a range of pO2 values, the transition will occur at a roughly constant alloy composition corresponding to a continuum percolation requirement for a nanoscale skeletal oxide formed just below the alloy surface. When this oxide has a sufficiently connected morphology, it provides a short-circuit transport path for the solute. Removal of compressive stress by movement of solvent to the surface is discussed. Predicted values of the critical solute concentration range from 10 at% to 16 at%. Experimental data on Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) oxidation are used to support aspects of the analysis, and to identify unresolved issues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".