Inheritance and Genetic Mapping of Resistance to Rhizoctonia Root and Hypocotyl Rot in Soybean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn [teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk], is an important disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Planting resistant cultivars would be an effective and environmentally sound strategy to minimize economic losses from this disease. To facilitate developing resistant cultivars, a study was conducted to: (i) investigate inheritance of resistance to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot in the moderately resistant soybean PI 442031, and four moderately susceptible commercial cultivars and (ii) identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with resistance to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot. Genetic analysis of several segregating populations indicated that resistance to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot in soybean was quantitatively inherited and controlled by both major and minor genes with additive gene effects. The estimates of broad sense heritability of resistance were low to moderately high. Transgressive segregants with enhanced levels of resistance were developed by crossing adapted but moderately susceptible commercial soybean cultivars. Three SSR markers (Satt281, Satt177, and Satt245) were significantly associated with host resistance in both F2 and F4:5 populations of PI 442031 × Sterling, wherein both parents contributed resistant alleles. This is the first report on mapping of Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot resistance genes in soybean. Our results indicate that marker assisted selection, coupled with phenotypic selection in later generations, should help to facilitate the development of soybean cultivars resistant to Rhizoctonia root and hypocotyl rot.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".