RESISTANCE TO <i>SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA</i> (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN SPRING WHEAT (GRAMINEAE)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cultivars of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., previously identified as possible sources of resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were crossed with spring wheat to produce lines with a spring growth habit and assure synchrony between insect and plant. Many of the lines showed low levels of infestation by wheat midge in the field, and 21 of these were tested for resistance in the laboratory. All test lines exhibited resistance, ranging from 58 to 100% suppression of larvae and 70 to 100% suppression of seed damage, compared with a susceptible line. Larval development was delayed and survival was reduced on all lines. This antibiosis was associated with a hypersensitive reaction in the seed surface. The hypersensitive reaction, or feeding damage by young larvae before they died, reduced the biomass of some infested resistant seeds by 28% compared with over 60% for infested susceptible seeds. Some lines also reduced the level of infestation either through oviposition deterrence or a resistance which prevented newly hatched larvae from establishing on the seed surface. A few lines also reduced the hatching rate of wheat midge eggs. The resistance was equally effective in field trials during two consecutive summers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, with at least a 20-times difference in the level of infestation between susceptible and resistant wheats. No larvae could develop to maturity on some resistant lines. Large plots of one resistant line produced less than 1% as many larvae as a typical susceptible wheat, and the larvae that did survive produced few, small adults. This resistance is the first documented case of a high level of true resistance to wheat midge in spring wheat, distinct from asynchrony between the insect and susceptible stage of the plant. The antibiosis component of the resistance is currently being incorporated in cultivars suitable for production in western Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".