The Front-Runner, Contenders, and Also-Rans
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports the effects of viewing a Republican primary debate that took place December 2, 1999, in Manchester, New Hampshire, and includes six candidates: Gary Bauer, George Bush, Steve Forbes, Orrin Hatch, John McCain, and Alan Keyes. After viewing the debate, respondents' perceptions of candidate image changed, and candidate vote preferences also changed. Our results suggest that primary debate participation may have negative consequences for a campaign front-runner. This study also measures reactions to candidates' specific issue appeals and finds that appeals made by the large field of primary candidates vying for public attention—whom we label also-rans—tend to be evaluated more negatively by debate viewers than those appeals made by the better-known candidates. Finally, candidates who adopt the often employed debate strategy of attacking the front-runner might find that such a strategy is more successful if employed in moderation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it