On the regularity of the Neumann problem for free surfaces with surface tension
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1952 H. Lewy established that a hydrodynamic free surface which is at least <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C^1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in a neighborhood of a point <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> situated on the free surface is automatically <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ω </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C^{\omega }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , possibly in a smaller neighborhood of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This local result is an example which preceeds the theory developed by D. Kinderlehrer, L. Nirenberg and J. Spruck (1977–79), proving that in many cases free surfaces cannot have an arbitrary regularity; in particular, there exist <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k comma mu"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k,\mu</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> such that if the surface in question is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript k comma mu"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C^{k,\mu }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , then automatically is <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C Superscript omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ω </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C^{\omega }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In this paper we extend their methods to Neumann type problems for free surfaces with surface tension.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it