Importance of gas-phase proton affinities in determining the electrospray ionization response for analytes and solvents
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of gas-phase proton transfer reactions on the mass spectral response of solvents and analytes with known gas-phase proton affinities was evaluated. Methanol, ethanol, propanol and water mixtures were employed to probe the effect of gas-phase proton transfer reactions on the abundance of protonated solvent ions. Ion-molecule reactions were carried out either in an atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization source or in the central quadrupole of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The introduction of solvent vapor with higher gas-phase proton affinity than the solvent being electrosprayed caused protons to transfer to the gas-phase solvent molecules. In mixed solvents, protonated solvent clusters of the solvent with higher gas-phase proton affinity dominated the resulting mass spectra. The effect of solvent gas-phase proton affinity on analyte response was also investigated, and the analyte response was suppressed or eliminated in solvents with gas-phase proton affinities higher than that of the analyte.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it