Impact of second-order ionospheric delay on GPS precise point positioning
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traditionally, in GPS precise point positioning (PPP), ionosphere-free linear combinations of dual-frequency carrier-phase and pseudorange measurements are used. Unfortunately, with these linear combinations only the first-order ionospheric delay term is removed and higher order ionospheric delay terms are usually not taken into account. Such residual error components may deteriorate the PPP solution and slow down the convergence time. In this paper the second-order ionospheric delay term is modeled and it is shown that its effect on GPS satellite orbit varies from 2.3 mm to 23.8 mm in the radial direction, 3.6 mm to 18.8 mm in the along-track direction and 2 mm to 16.3 mm in the cross-track direction. In addition, GPS satellite clock corrections showed a difference of up to 0.067 ns.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it