The Burgeoning Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first isolated from infants by Chanock and colleagues in 1957. However, control of this ubiquitous agent has yet to be achieved. RSV is recognized as the primary cause of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) among infants worldwide. Among children < 5 years old, annual hospitalization rates in the United States (US) is 3/1000 children, and rates in Canada and European countries are similar. In the US the hospitalization rate is 3 times higher than that from influenza or parainfluenza viral infections. Much less appreciated is the clinical and economic burden from RSV outpatients, as few have specific diagnostic testing. Nevertheless, RSV in the US is estimated to cause 1 of 334 hospitalizations, 1 of 38 emergency department visits, but 1 of 13 private practice visits. These outpatient children tend to have moderate to severe illness with approximately three-fourths manifesting labored respirations. RSV burden among outpatients, therefore, is considerable both in size and severity. The global burden of RSV infection is unknown as few studies are from developing countries. Estimates indicate about one-fourth of all acute LRTI occur among children < 5 years, and the greatest burden is among children in developing countries. Currently the only approved means of RSV prophylaxis is passive immunization with humanized F protein monoclonal antibody. Such prophylaxis, however, has limited availability, is expensive, and is recommended only for infants most at risk for severe RSV disease. Only widespread immunization of children is likely to diminish the current burden of RSV infection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".