Age-Dependent Metabolic Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Second-Generation Antipsychotic-Naïve French Canadian Patients
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) may experience secondary metabolic effects such as weight gain, as well as changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. These effects are well documented in adults; however, fewer studies are available concerning their occurrence and their evolution in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if there is an age-dependent variation in the metabolic effects of SGAs in a drug-naïve population. METHODS: Charts of 232 French Canadian patients participating in a program monitoring the metabolic effects of SGAs were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 85 SGA-naïve patients were selected, including 58 youths and 27 adults. Changes, relative to baseline, in weight, body mass index, lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride), and fasting blood glucose were assessed, with follow-up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS: With respect to weight gain, in both the youth and adult groups, body mass index significantly increased from baseline at 3 months (10.1% [p < 0.0001] and 12.2% [p < 0.0001], respectively) and 6 months (11.8% [p < 0.0001] and 13.1% [p < 0.0001], respectively). With respect to lipid metabolism, in the youth group, there was no significant change. In the adult group, there was a significant increase at 3 and 6 months in total cholesterol (24.0% [p = 0.004] and 24.1% [p = 0.0006], respectively), low-density lipoprotein (26.8% [p = 0.019] and 30.1% [p = 0.010], respectively), and high-density lipoprotein (10.2% [p = 0.04] and 17.1% [p = 0.005], respectively). There was no significant change in triglyceride and glucose metabolism in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the age-independent effects of SGA on weight gain. However, more data are needed to explore the age effect on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it