<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, continues to be a concern for blood safety, as demonstrated by recent transfusion-transmitted cases in the United States and Canada. The chronic nature of Chagas', coupled with increasing numbers of immigrants from T. cruzi-endemic countries, suggests that Chagas' is a long-term public health problem. Herein, we report on a multiyear epidemiologic study of T. cruzi in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: From May 1994 to September 1998, blood donors in Los Angeles and Miami were queried regarding birth or time spent in an endemic country. Donations of "yes" respondents were tested by EIA, confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation assay, and if confirmed as seropositive, enrolled in look-back investigations. RESULTS: A total of 1,104,030 Los Angeles and 181,139 Miami donors were queried regarding risk; 7.3 and 14.3 percent, respectively, responded yes. Seropositive rates were 1 in 7,500 Los Angeles and 1 in 9,000 Miami donors. In Los Angeles, seroprevalence rates increased significantly from 1996 to 1998 and were significantly higher for directed donors than nondirected donors. Look back identified 18 recipients, all of whom were seronegative for T. cruzi. CONCLUSION: Significant numbers of T. cruzi-seropositive donors contribute to the U.S. blood supply. The incidence of seropositivity is enhanced by minority recruitment efforts necessitated by donor demographic shifts. Similarly, high rates among directed donations in Los Angeles are attributable to a disproportionate number of at-risk directed donors. Current look-back data likely underestimate the frequency of transfusion- transmitted T. cruzi. These results indicate that continued evaluation of transfusion as a mode of T. cruzi transmission in the United States is needed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it