Strong approximations for multiclass feedforward queueing networks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper derives the strong approximation for a multiclass queueing network,where jobs after service completion can only move to a downstream service station. Job classes are partitioned into groups. Within a group, jobs are served in the order of arrival; that is, a first-in first-out (FIFO) discipline is in force, and among groups, jobs are served under a preassigned preemptive priority discipline. We obtain the strong approximation for the network through an inductive application of an input–output analysis for a single-station queue. Specifically, we show that if the input data (i.e., the arrival and the service processes) satisfy an approximation (such as the functional law-of-iterated logarithm approximation or the strong approximation), then the output data (i.e., the departure processes) and the performance measures (such as the queue length, the workload and the sojourn time processes) satisfy a similar approximation. Based on the strong approximation, some procedures are proposed to approximate the stationary distribution of various performance measures of the queueing network. Our work extends and complements the existing work of Peterson and Harrison and Williams on the feedforward queueing network. The numeric examples show that strong approximation provides a better approximation than that suggested by a straightforward interpretation of the heavy traffic limit theorem.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it