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Record W2069507627 · doi:10.1080/0034340032000065406

Human Capital, Urbanization and Canadian Provincial Growth

2003· article· en· W2069507627 on OpenAlexaffabout
Serge Coulombe

Bibliographic record

VenueRegional Studies · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic Growth and Productivity
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHuman capitalEconomicsUrbanizationPer capitaConvergence (economics)Shock (circulatory)Per capita incomeConditional convergenceNova scotiaCapital (architecture)Demographic economicsGeographyDevelopment economicsEconomic growthPopulationDemographySociology

Abstract

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COULOMBE S. (2003) Human capital, urbanization and Canadian provincial growth, Reg. Studies 37 , 239-250. This paper investigates the conditional convergence of both human capital indicators and nominal per capita income across Canadian provinces in a panel-data empirical framework. Long-run relative provincial steady states are determined by relative rates of urbanization, one-time shocks to Quebec's and Alberta's relative steady states, and a Nova Scotia fixed effect. Indicators of relative human capital ratios appear to have converged following a pattern that is common and similar to per capita income but with two notable exceptions. First, in Alberta, the 1973 oil shock contributed to the rise in per capita income but its effect on human capital is significant only for females. Second, human capital appears to remain concentrated in the relatively poor province of Nova Scotia. Two notable findings come out of the analysis. First, nominal income disparities at the provincial level appear to be real, not just nominal. Second, the analysis suggests that, at the regional level, human capital is a necessary but not sufficient condition for being wealthier in the long run. COULOMBE S. (2003) Le capital humain, l'urbanisation et la croissance provinciale au Canada, Reg. Studies 37 , 239-250. A partir des données provenant des enquê tes empiriques par panel, cet article cherche à examiner la convergence conditionnelle et des indicateurs du capital humain, et du revenu par tête nominal à travers les provinces du Canada. Des états stationnaires provinciaux relatifs et à long terme sont déterminés à partir des taux d'urbanisation relatifs, des chocs ponctuels aux états stationnaires pour le Québec et l'Alberta, et d'un effet fixe dans la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Il semble que des indicateurs des rapports relatifs du capital humain ont convergé par suite d'une tendance commune et similaire à celle du revenu par tête, à deux exceptions importantes près. Primo, en Alberta, le choc pétrolier de 1973 a contribué à la montée du revenu par tête, bien que son effet sur le capital humain ne soit marqué que pour les femmes. Secundo, le capital humain semble se concentrer sur la province relativement pauvre qui est la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Il en résulte de cette analyse deux constats majeurs. Dans un premier temps, les écarts des revenus nominaux semblent être non seulement nominaux mais aussi réels au niveau provincial. Dans un deuxième temps, l'analyse laisse supposer que, sur le plan régional, le capital humain s'avère à long terme une condition préalable mais non pas suffisante de la richesse. COULOMBE S. (2003) Menschenkapital, Verstä dterung und Wachstum in kanadischen Provinzen, Reg. Studies 37 , 239-250. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die bedingte Konvergenz von Indikatoren von Menschenkapital und nominalem per-Kopf Einkommen in Provinzen in ganz Kanada im Rahmen einer empirischen Datenliste. Lang anhaltende, sich relativ im Gleichschritt bewegende Zustände in Provinzen werden durch relative Raten der Verstädterung bestimmt, die seinerzeit wie Schock auf die relativ gleichmäßig anhaltenden Zustände in Alberta und Quebec gewirkt hatten, und durch einen Dauerzustand in Nova Scotia. Indikatoren relativer Menschenkapitalraten scheinen sich an einander angenähert zu haben, wobei sie einem Muster folgen, das weit verbreitet und dem pro-Kopf Einkommen ähnlich ist, doch nicht ohne zwei beachtenswerte Ausnahmen. Die erste betrifft Alberta, wo der Ölschock 1973 zu einen Anstieg in pro-Kopf Einkommen beitrug, doch seine Wirkung aufs Menschenkapital nur bei Frauen als signifikant bezeichnet werden kann. Zweitens scheint die Konzentration von Menschenkapital in der relativ armen Provinz Nova Scotia weiter anzuhalten. Es ergeben sich zwei bemerkenswerte Befunde aus der Analyse: nominale Einkommensungleichheiten scheinen nicht nur nominal auf Provinzebene zu sein, sie sind es auch in Realität, uns zweitens deutet die Analyse darauf hin, daß auf regionaler Ebene Menschenkapital eine notwendige, doch auf lange Sicht nicht ausreichende Bedingung für größeren Wohlstand ist.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.037
Threshold uncertainty score0.271

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.005
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.169 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations25
Published2003
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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