Risk of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections due to Gastrostomy Feeding Tube Insertion in Pediatric Patients with Brain Tumors
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections after percutaneous retrograde gastrostomy feeding tube (GT) placement in children with brain tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All children (age 0-18 years) with primary brain tumors diagnosed and treated at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, were subjected to a retrospective analysis. Two groups were identified: the study group included children with a VP shunt and a GT; the control group included children with VP shunts only. Each study patient was matched with 2 controls to compare the rate of infections (cohort comparative study). RESULTS: There were 1,167 children diagnosed and treated with primary brain tumors during the study period (1988-2003); 174 (15%) had a VP shunt and 23 (2%) children had both, a VP shunt and a GT. In the study group (n=17), GTs were inserted at a median time of 80 days (range 6-204 days) after VP shunts. VP shunt infection rate was 23.5% (4/17) compared to 8.8% (3/34) in the control group (OR 3.18; 95% CI 0.622-16.54, p=0.16). Three (75%) of the infection episodes in the study group presented with an ascending VP shunt infection directly related to the GT insertion or manipulation in the first 6 weeks. These GTs were inserted at 13, 47 and 49 days after VP shunt insertion. CONCLUSION: Placement of percutaneous retrograde GTs, in the acute phase, in children with brain tumors and VP shunts may increase the risk of ascending meningitis especially if there are early GT-related complications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it