Bibliographic record
Abstract
Designers have invested much effort in developing accurate branch predictors. To maintain accuracy, current processors update the predictor regularly and frequently. Although this aggressive approach helps to achieve high accuracy, for a large number of branches, quite often, updating the branch predictor unit is unnecessary as there is already enough information available to the predictor to predict the branch outcome accurately. Therefore, the current approach appears to be inefficient since it results in unnecessary energy consumption. The author introduces the power-aware branch predictor update (PABU). PABU uses a simple power efficient structure to identify well behaved accurately predicted branch instructions. Once such branches are identified, the predictor is no longer accessed to update the associated data. The key to the success of the proposed technique is a power efficient method that can effectively identify such branches. The author exploits branch instruction behaviour to identify such branch instructions. He shows that it is possible to reduce the number of predictor updates considerably without losing performance. The technique is evaluated by studying energy and performance tradeoffs for SPEC2000 benchmarks. It is shown that the technique can reduce branch prediction energy consumption considerably for both floating point and integer benchmarks. This comes with a negligible impact on performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".