Proteinase‐activated receptors (PARs) and the kidney
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract It has been discovered that the kidney is an organ that is particularly rich in proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2) and that also expresses PARs 1 and 4. Notwithstanding this fact, the potential physiologic role that PARs play in regulating renal function is largely unknown. This article summarizes much about what is known in terms of the expression of mRNA for PARs 1, 2 and 4 in the kidney, the cellular distribution of PARs 1 and 2, and the renal vascular actions of PARs 1, 2, and 4. The ability of PARs 1 and 2 to exert a bidirectional action on renal perfusion flow and glomerular filtration rate and the wide distribution of PARs 1 and 2 in both vascular and epithelial elements of the kidney imply not only that the PARs may play an important pathophysiologic role in the kidney, but that the individual PARs may each play distinct roles in this regard. Drug Dev. Res. 60:36–42, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".