Distinct patterns of cortical thinning in concurrent motor and attention disorders
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: Many neurodevelopmental disorders co-occur yet are rarely studied in terms of brain development. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occur at a high frequency and are associated with functional and structural brain alterations. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of comorbid motor and attention problems influence cortical thickness in children and whether the pattern of changes for concurrent disorders is distinct from the alterations seen in single disorders. METHOD: A total of 34 children (19 males, 15 females, mean age 9y 9mo, range 8-17y) who met the criteria for DCD (n=14), ADHD (n=10), or DCD+ADHD (n=10) were recruited into the study. Fourteen participants with typical development (eight males, six females, mean age 11y 9mo, range 8-17y) were also recruited for comparison. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness analysis was performed to determine the patterns of cortical thinning in each disorder, which was then compared across groups. RESULTS: Children with comorbid DCD+ADHD demonstrated more widespread decreases in cortical thickness than participants with a diagnosis of DCD or ADHD alone. Cortical thinning was found to be concentrated in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, and was correlated with measures of motor and attentional functioning. INTERPRETATION: The co-occurrence of DCD+ADHD was associated with a distinct global pattern of regional cortical thickness decrease, highlighting the unique neurobiology of comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. This novel feature of concurrent DCD and ADHD may help inform diagnostic definitions and provide clues to both the shared and the isolated genetic and environmental origins of motor and attention disorders.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it