Continuous Dyeing of Cotton/Polyester and Polyester Fabrics with Reactive and Disperse Dyes Using Infrared Heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Continuous dyeing of cotton/polyester and 100% polyester fabrics was performed using mixtures of reactive and disperse dyes, or disperse dyes alone, respectively, and achieving dye fixation by heating, using an electric infrared oven situated in front of an electric hot air unit. Generally, the colors of the thermally produced dyeings were reasonably similar to those of the respective exhaust dyeings obtained using the same recipes. As expected, the thermally produced dyeings usually contained more unfixed dyes than the exhaust dyeings, largely a consequence of the quicker and less-efficient post-dyeing washing process. The results for pilot-scale dyeings are also compared with those obtained on an industrial scale in a finishing mill. Dyeing using infrared heating and hot air had no influence on the light stability of the colors or on the fabric handle. Most significantly, the negligible variation of color along the fabric length during continuous thermal dyeing illustrated that the process was well-controlled in all cases and could be valuable for the dyeing of small lots of fabric.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".