FEMALE MATING SWARMS INCREASE PREDATION RISK IN A 'ROLE-REVERSED' DANCE FLY (DIPTERA: EMPIDIDAE: RHAMPHOMYIA LONGICAUDA LOEW)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mate acquiring activities often expose males to increased risks of predation. In species where females are more competitive than males (i.e. a reversal in the conventional mating roles), the mate-acquiring biology of females is expected to increase their exposure to predators. Our observational study of a role-reversed dance fly, Rhamphomyia longicauda Loew (Empididae), supports this prediction. Within predominantly female swarms, R. longicauda display structures in flight that are assessed by males. Structural and behavioural components of the display should increase the risk of predation on females. We found more females than males captured in spider webs. This bias in predation was not due to a female-bias in population sex-ratios of the dance fly and the nature of web predation appears to rule out the hypothesis that spiders actively favour females as prey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".