Components of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality in Chile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the association between several elements of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and mortality in a general population sample, daily time-series analysis was used to test the association between daily mortality and components of PM2.5 measured in downtown Santiago, Chile between 1998 and 2006. The strongest individual effect was seen for elemental carbon. A 5.28 ug/m3 increase in elemental carbon was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.08 (95% CI = 1.07-1.09) for total non-accidental mortality. Using factor analysis, a group of elements consistent with a mobile combustion source (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, elemental and organic carbon) was significantly associated with total mortality (RR 1.11; 95% CI = 1.083-1.138). Soil-sourced particles had a weaker but statistically significant mortality effect. Of the many sources of particulate air pollution, those from motor vehicle exhaust had the greatest observed effect on mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".