A Survey of Organic Volatile Species in Comet C/1999 H1 (Lee) Using NIRSPEC at the Keck Observatory
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The organic volatile composition of the long-period comet C/1999 H1 (Lee) was investigated using the first of a new generation of cross-dispersed cryogenic infrared spectrometers (NIRSPEC, at the Keck Observatory atop Mauna Kea, HI). On 1999 August 19-21 the organics spectral region (2.9-3.7 μm) was completely sampled at both moderate and high dispersion, along with the CO fundamental region (near 4.67 μm), revealing emission from water, carbon monoxide, methanol, methane, ethane, acetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. Many new multiplets from OH in the 1-0 band were seen in prompt emission, and numerous new spectral lines were detected. Several spectral extracts are shown, and global production rates are presented for seven parent volatiles. Carbon monoxide is strongly depleted in comet Lee relative to comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp, demonstrating that chemical diversity occurred in the giant-planets' nebular region.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it