Sensitivity of spatial photoelectron distributions to the absolute phase of an ultrashort intense laser pulse
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using numerical solutions of the three-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) for the hydrogen atom in an intense, ultrashort, i.e., few-cycle, linearly polarized laser pulse, we demonstrate that ionization yields measured in the forward direction $(0<\ensuremath{\theta}<15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ depend strongly (by a factor of 2) on the carrier phase, leading to considerable directional (forward or backward) photoelectron asymmetries along the laser polarization vector. This effect vanishes for pulses comprising more than 15 cycles. The phase dependence of photoelectron asymmetry is intensity-dependent: the strongest asymmetry is found in the intermediate multiphoton-tunneling regime, where asymmetry originates from the Coulomb attraction after tunneling. The character of asymmetry drastically changes when an electron ionizes in the barrier-suppression regime. A measurement method of the absolute phase and width, based on this directional effect, is proposed for linearly polarized ultrashort laser pulses pulses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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