Chemical Trends in the Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure of Monosubstituted and Para-Bisubstituted Benzenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon 1s (C−R) → π* C C electronic transitions originating from the substituent-bonded carbon atom of a benzene ring show distinctive chemical shifts in their near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra. We have systematically explored these chemical shifts through ab initio calculations and carefully calibrated experimental data for a wide range of molecules containing substituted benzene rings. The systematic disparity between experimental and calculated transition energies was used to develop a semiempirical correction for this class of transitions, allowing us to map calculated transition energies onto a corrected, experimental energy scale. The correction method was applied to a large set of calculated core C 1s (C−R) → π* C C transition energies, and used to prepare a chemically wide-ranging NEXAFS correlation diagram for the “C−R π* band”. We demonstrate the usefulness of this correlation diagram for the analytical application of NEXAFS spectroscopy and microscopy to organic materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".