Efficient fault tolerant SHA-2 hash functions for space applications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Satellites are extensively used by public and private sectors to support a variety of services. Considering the cost and the strategic importance of these spacecrafts, it is fundamental to utilize strong cryptographic primitives to assure their security. However, it is of utmost importance to consider fault tolerance in their designs due to the harsh environment found in space, while keeping low area and power consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes novel fault tolerant schemes for the SHA-2 family of hash functions and analyzes their resistance to SEUs. Results obtained through FPGA implementation show that our best fault tolerant scheme for SHA-512 uses up to 32% less area and consumes up to 43% less power than the commonly used TMR technique. Moreover, its memory and registers are 435 and 175 times more resistant to SEUs than TMR. These results are crucial for supporting low area and low power fault tolerant cryptographic primitives in satellites.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it