Ability of Clonostachys rosea to Establish and Suppress Sporulation Potential of Botrytis cinerea in Deleafed Stems of Hydroponic Greenhouse Tomatoes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability of Clonostachys rosea to establish and persist in deleafed tomato stems and to suppress sporulation potential of Botrytis cinerea was investigated in plots of hydroponic tomatoes in commercial greenhouses. Leaves near lower fruit clusters were removed according to standard practice and deleafed portions of the stems were treated with C. rosea , iprodione or water. Inoculum of B. cinerea was from natural infections. Stem lesions were not produced by the pathogen during the trials. Development of C. rosea and B. cinerea in stems was estimated indirectly by quantifying sporulation on excised stem tissues that were incubated on an agar medium containing paraquat. Incidence and area of sporulation of C. rosea on tissue pieces were high (76-99%) and moderately high (33-79%), respectively, when stems were treated with the agent at 0, 6, 24 or 48 h after deleafing and sampled 11 to 75 days later. In various instances, the agent also sporulated on tissues from water controls and iprodione treatments, apparently after interplot transmission. In most instances, incidence and area of sporulation of B. cinerea on tissue pieces were high (83-100%) and moderate to high (35-76%), respectively, in the water controls, but moderate (31-44%) and moderate to low (5-34%), respectively, for stems treated with C. rosea at 0 to 48 h after deleafing and sampled after 11-75 days. Without exception, C. rosea suppressed B. cinerea as or more effectively than iprodione. Correlations between inoculum density of C. rosea (0-10 6 conidia mL -1 ) and sporulation potential of B. cinerea in deleafed stems were strongly negative in each of three tests ( r = -0.95 to -0.99). Conidial suspensions and a talc formulation of C. rosea were of similar effectiveness against B. cinerea . We conclude that C. rosea persisted and suppressed sporulation potential of B. cinerea in deleafed tomato stems for at least 11 weeks after application.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".