Discrete-Element Method Investigation of the Resilient Behavior of Granular Materials
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of numerical simulations of the resilient modulus test used to mechanically characterize the resilient behavior of aggregate materials, commonly used in pavement bases and subbases. The investigation made use of the discrete-element method (DEM) to replicate the particle behavior usually experienced during laboratory sample preparation and testing. The simulations were based on assemblies of circular particles confined between top and bottom rigid boundaries and laterally confined at constant stress. Contact forces and displacements were assumed to obey a linear relationship and shear forces were bounded by a maximum value (Coulomb friction law). Compacted samples were subjected to deviator repeated loads. The investigation showed that the DEM is capable of reproducing the results of the resilient modulus test performed on real granular materials in a qualitative manner. Further, the method predicted the effect of the state of stress depicted by laboratory testing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it