Hybrid Identities in Quebec Hip-Hop: Language, Territory, and Ethnicity in the Mix
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Montreal is the metropolitan hub of the province of Quebec, a French-speaking island in officially bilingual, but de facto majority English-speaking, Canada. The current youth generation represents a variety of ethnolinguistic backgrounds—French and English Canadian, but also many different immigrant-origin groups, including large Haitian and Hispanophone populations. Young adults and adolescents share French as a common language through schooling. In Quebec, hip-hop, a privileged literary–artistic and political medium for this generation, not only reflects its multilingual, multiethnic base, but also constitutes an active and dynamic site for the development of an oppositional community that encourages the formation of new, hybrid identities for youth. The authors draw on interviews with rappers of Haitian, Dominican, and African origin, and analysis of lyrics by these MCs, to highlight ways in which the discourses of “conscious” Quebec hip-hop promotes particular ideologies and identities in a context of migration/resettlement and globalization of youth culture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".