Gender, power, and religious transnationalism among the African diaspora in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stimulated by a wide range of factors, the sons and daughters of Africa have relocated to Canada in significant numbers in recent years, and have, in turn, prompted research and public discussions about the extent to which they are incorporated in the host society. While the racism-laced economic challenges faced by these African immigrants have featured prominently in the burgeoning Canadian literature on immigrants, only a handful of scholars have examined how Africans in Canada use their cultural and religious practices to facilitate their settlement and integration processes, and fewer still have explored how gender roles are enacted and justified within the African diasporic church. With empirical data from Ghanaian churches in Toronto, this article examines the degree to which African immigrant churches are gendered, paying particular attention to how male–female differentials in power and transnational positionality play out in these churches. Our findings indicate that while women are very active in the immigrant church, they wield lesser power than men when it comes to leadership positions. At the same time, there appears to be some power convergence between Ghanaian men and women in Toronto, in general, and this convergence is steadily permeating the Ghanaian immigrant church.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".