Changes in heel cushioning characteristics of running shoes with running mileage
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the changes in the cushioning characteristics of running shoes, particularly those with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as midsole material, with mileage. Fifteen amateur runners participated in the study. Each participant ran for 500 km wearing a pair of these types of shoes. The cushioning characteristics of the shoes, specifically peak force and energy return, were measured before and after every 50 km running. The cushioning characteristics of running shoes changed with increasing mileage. On average, there was a 4.88% (95% CI = 3.40–6.36%) increase in peak force after 500 km of running. The results were inconsistent with those reported based on machine-simulated running studies, which overevaluated the cushioning deterioration of running shoes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it